Obesity in China

Obesity in China? From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation, search A McDonalds Chinese New Year meal. American fast-food outlets have been blamed for the increase in fleshiness in China. 1 Obesity in China is a major(ip) health concern according to the WHO, with overall rates of corpulency below 5% in the country, but gr wipe outer than 20% in some cities. 2 This is a dramatic change from successions when China experienced famine as a result from ineffective agriculturalization plans such as the Great Leap Forward. 3 Currently, obesity in China is mostly confined to the cities where fast food culture and globalization have taken over, in comparison to poorer rural aras. Despite this stringency of obesity, the sheer size of Chinas tribe means that over single fifth of all one billion obese muckle in the world rise up from China. 4 Contents hide * 1 Issues * 2 Response and prospects * 3 Action and Policy * 4 See alike * 5 References * 6 Further reading * 7 Ex ternal links edit IssuesStatistics from the Chinese Health Ministry have revea direct that urban Chinese boys age 6 are 2. 5inches taller and 6. 6 pounds heavier on average than Chinese city boys 30 years ago. A leading child-health researcher, Ji Chengye, has stated that, China has entered the era of obesity. The speed of increment is shocking. 1 Economic expansion and the increase in living standards as a result has seen food intake increase on average in the cities and the growth of automation and persuade has seen less animal(prenominal) labor.Rapid motorization has drastically visitd levels of cycling and walking in China. A 2002 report has revealed a direct correspondence between ownership of motorized transport by households in China and increasing obesity related troubles in children and adults. 5 The introduction of processed foods through globalisation in China and the occupation of obesity is a recent phenomenon, as only 45 years ago the country faced starvation du ring the leadership of Mao Zedong. 1 However while mal forage has been mostly ended in cities today, millions of rural poor, especially in rural estern China are still a far cry from the enigma facing the cities. 1 The problem is affecting the young generations although some sources indicate the problem is worse with those between 35 and 59 where more than half are now weighty in cities, a figure similar to that in industrialised countries. 6 However, they state that the younger generations are increasingly at risk. Today, 8% of 10- to 12-year-olds in Chinas cities are considered obese and an additive 15% are overweight, according to Chinese Ministry of Education. 1 Similarly, A 2006 study conducted by University of Southern California found that the average body fat of Hong Kong Children was 21 percent, an alarmingly high number. 7 edit Response and prospects A KFC outlet in Hohhot, China According to Wang Longde, the Chinese vice health minister, the problem is that the race d oes not have decorous awareness and lacks knowledge of nutrition and what constitutes a reasonable diet. 8 The government is attempting to reduce the problem with building more shoo-ingrounds and passing a law with requires students to exercise or play sports for an hour a day at school. 1 Chen Chunming, an expert at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has warned against the rapid growth of American fast-food outlets in China saying, Dont take children to eat fast food like McDonalds and KFC. 1 De-emphasis on sports likewise plays an definitive part in the rise of obesity in China. some(prenominal) Chinese pot look at the way they advance in life is getting a better education so they can get a better job. The heavy emphasis on schoolwork and the pressure to do so overmuch into that direction keeps children away from play and from physical activity. 7 Fat farms, where children try to sweat off their excess weight have grown since the 1990s. In 2000, 100 mill ion people were reported to subscribe from high blood pressure and 26 million with diabetes. These figures were predicted to double within a decade, with doctors warning that obesity could become Chinas biggest health threat for next generations. 69 edit Action and Policy Due to the current cultural views on obesity there is a significant need for anti-obesity education.Obesity is often associated with prosperity, thus there is a need for a widespread attitude shift to decrease the current rising rates. Perhaps resulting from the famines of generations past, food, specifically high-fat foods, are now seen as a marvelous item. With growing incomes in Chinese society, families are not able to afford these unhealthy but highly desired foods resulting in increasing rates of enjoyment of high-fat diets. 10 As a major contributor to the spread of obesity, these high-fat diets are creating a major public health problem across the country.There are currently a few initiatives in fix th at could help combat this problem, but because of its magnitude, it is likely that more improvements are needed. The Chinese Nutrition Society1 is providing nutrition education by creating dietetic guidelines to help consumers make more healthy modus vivendi choices. These guidelines become useful in assisting the population in adopting healthy eating habits which can be an important preventative measure against obesity. Additionally, the Chinese government is currently mandating programs in schools to deal with the growing problem of obesity in the younger generations. Eat Smart at School is a campaign that was launched during the 2006-2007 school year, which aims to cultivate healthy eating practices to promote lifestyle changes in the educational setting. This program is also an important fall upon in teaching healthy lifestyle strategies that can promote long-term changes in these childrens lives. 2 Localizing community based interventions could help address the macroscopic, diverse population in China. China is currently trying to utilize community based interventions through The National Plan of Action for Nutrition in China3.This demonstrates an extensive manakin organizing food-based policies relating to the countrys nutrition and health issues. Some of the policies work towards promoting healthy diets and lifestyles while also providing incentives to food growers. Implementing nationwide social programs on public nutrition through push-down storage media, public campaigns and community based promotions are potentially effective mediums towards combating obesity in China. Chinas centralized government has a unique ability to make rapid policy changes where they can enforce public nutrition policy and regulate food supply.The rapid growing food market of fast food chains is a huge contributor to the increase in obesity rates in China. Potentially, a price policy could be a strategic model for raising the price on unhealthy foods in an attempt to shift food consumption patterns to accomplish health objectives and reduce the consumption of high fat foods. Through price policy, China can focus on controlling the external influence of international products on traditional Chinese dietary patterns and help manage the obesity trends and patterns due to the increase of westboundized foods and fast food chainsObesity in China Waistlines are Expanding Twice as sporting as gross domestic product China is experiencing a record high obesity rate, which means millions are becoming obese each year. , by Sky Patterson era Published 04/08/2011 Photo by ernop. Used under Creative Commons. In the U. S, were used to hearing about our massive weight crisis with more than 74 percent of adults age 15 and older classified as overweight, the American culture and media landscape have become fixated on finding new diets, procedures, and lifestyle changes to address the dilemma.But what is rapidly becoming ap arouse is that we are not the on ly country coping with our expanding waistlines. In China, the prevalence of being overweight is actually dramatically outpacing the growth of its GDP. According to the World Bank, Chinas US $4. 99 trillion GDP in 2009 was a remarkable 181 percent increase from its 2005 GDP (US $2. 75 trillion). The number of obese people in China is growing even faster. There are nearly 100 million obese people in China today, more than five times the number in 2005, when 18 million were obese. The definition of being overweight is having a body mass index of 25 or greater.According to the World Health Organizations Global Info Database, for those ages 15 and older, 45 percent of males in China and 32 percent of females were overweight, or an average of 38. 5 percent of the 2010 population. This is a sharp increase from the 2002 statistic of 25 percent. With an overweight percentage of 38 percent and rising, mainland China is pedestal to a staggering 380 million-plus people with weight problems. A nd studies show that the problem is becoming increasingly prevalent among youth, and may largely define urban Chinas near-term future.Robert Girandola, a professor of kinesiology at the University of Southern California, conducted a 2006 study, titled Prevalence of Obesity and Body Composition in Hong Kong Children, researching the body fat percentage of 3,000 nine-year-olds. He found that the average body fat of these children was 21 percent, an alarmingly high number. These are pre-pubertal children, and pre-pubertal you should not see numbers like that, says Girandola. He also added that the problem will only grow worse as these children start to develop symptoms of the chronic diseases associated with obesity, including diabetes and high blood pressure.In addition to diabetes and high blood pressure, other right health implications related to obesity include a higher risk of cancer, heart disease and diabetes. The latter disease is rapidly becoming more liberal in China. A Mar ch 2010 New England Journal of Medicine study estimated that 9. 7 percent of the countrys population has diabetes, a figure that is coda to that of the U. S. at 11 percent another American Diabetes Association study found similar rates in both countries. Also notable is that of these diabetes cases in China, 60. 7 percent went undiagnosed.The majority of these cases are Type II late onset diabetes, which is directly correlated with being overweight obesity has been found to commit to approximately 55 percent of Type II diabetes cases. Source American Diabetes Association, The Associated Press Paul French, co-author of the recent book Fat China, which chronicles the growing problem of obesity in China, claims that the actual diabetes rate may be as high as 16 percent, with 150 million additional people categorize as pre-diabetic, putting them at a high risk for developing Type II diabetes. There are people in China who say with acupuncture and traditional medicine you can cure dia betes, but there is no proof of that either, says French. Diabetes is some social function that once youve got it, youve got it and you have to manage it the rest of your life. According to a 1992 China National Nutrition Survey, the percentage of men and women classified as overweight, or with a BMI greater than 24, was 17. 4 percent. The government agenda at that time was to gauge the prevalence of underweight individuals, but what they found at the other end of the spectrum ended up being a surprising trend that has proceed ever since.The same survey conducted 10 years later in 2002 showed that 29 percent of individuals were overweight, a 66. 7 percent increase. What is causing the Chinese population to grow overweight at such an alarming rate? Contrary to the U. S. where obesity is concentrated more heavily among poorer people, Chinas obesity problem is largely defined by what French terms a wealth-deficit problem. Specifically, the richer you get, the fatter you are. In rur al China, the prevalence of being overweight and having diabetes is naturally lower. However, in the cities, a big number of people own cars and televisions.Not only are these luxuries symbols of wealth, but they also greatly decrease physical activity, resulting in higher rates of obesity and diabetes in urban areas. Athena Foong, an epidemiology researcher at the University of Southern Californias Institute for Global Health explains, Its a very communal thing in Asia, if you see someone having that, you want to have that too so if theyre telling you that, we just enjoyed a super duper meal at McDonalds and that becomes a fanciful thing to do, you want to do it too. But what about physical activity and sports in China?Peaking during the 2008 Beijing Olympics, China has been making large strides on the international sports front. However, among the general population, this is not necessarily the case. As French says, With the Olympics in China, rather than encouraging more people to take part in sport, it basically sent out the message that sport was an elite activity, and if you play sports, you better win gold medals the idea of just a bunch of kids zip around playing games was considered a waste of time. Foong also adds that this de-emphasis on sports and physical activity starts from childhood, and carries on to later life. The only way people look at the way you advance in life is getting a better education so you can get a better job, and sports is not considered a job. Parents may dote on their only children, but they also hold them to high academic standards in order to achieve a better life. Its not that they want to force their kids into going to school, and then doing these extra school classes, and on the weekends having a tutor, explains Foong. Its just the pressure to do so much into that direction and away from play, from physical activity, from all that. This emphasis on schoolwork at the expense of play and organized sports parallels the rise in obesity in China. Foong adds that it is not merely as simple as telling parents, You guys can just stop worrying too much about getting obedient grades because thats the path that everyones already on that train has already left the station. Two or three generations ago, China suffered a nutrition challenge. Many people suffered malnutrition, went hungry and were underweight. Fast-forward to the present and conditions are swiftly becoming the opposite.In Chinas larger cities, where roads were once exclusively filled with bikes, cars pack the streets 24 hours a day. And in addition to having more cars, city streets are also now lined with fast food restaurants, the ubiquity of which is one cause of obesity in China. It is easy to find a local McDonalds, Pizza Hut or Starbucks ready to serve up fast food to the masses. In fact, Yum Brands, the parent company of fast food leaders such as McDonalds, Pizza Hut and KFC, opened more than 500 restaurants in China in 2009, and exp ects to one day have more than 20,000 restaurants there.Source National statistical offices, Euromonitor International Alongside Chinas meteoric economic rise and fast food market growth in the last two decades, the lifestyle of the Chinese people has changed dramatically. For example, aside from a greater array of food options, the Chinese are humoring their children because state policy has shrunk family sizes while economic progress has given urban families higher disposable incomes. Families and their children have become less bustling. These various changes have led to an equally fast climb in modern health problems.Obesity is a plague facing the developed world that leads to other complications such as diabetes and hypertension, which place an enormous pressure on the healthcare system. And in China, much like the rest of the world, the problem is only growing. What are ordinary Chinese doing to solve the problem of growing waistlines? Put simply, not much. Or at least not m uch that seems to be working. Says French, The three things that people are doing at the moment, none of these things are particularly sensible. Those three main things are unreasonable fat camps, which provide limited results for children using contrived and sometimes dangerous methods, unregulated and ineffective slimming pills that come about mainly body water, and cosmetic surgery which treats the symptoms but not the problem. Solving the problem is not merely a matter of execution and practicality, but also a cultural and social one as well. One change that must take place is that people need to find ways to eat more healthily, especially since it is difficult to exercise enough to work off certain foods.However, this is a lot easier said than done when the Chinese affinity for Western fast food brands is increasing, and on the flip side, Western companies are increasingly eager to tap into the Chinese market. Taking on a more active lifestyle is another important measure to help mitigate the problem. The solution is very simple, says Girandola. People have to be more active. Is that going to happen? I doubt it. People are not going to go back to bicycles again, not when they basically have a car. So what can one expect from China in the near future?There are many possible solutions, but when the public cares more about eating tasty and agreeable food, climbing the socioeconomic ladder and relishing newfound wealth, nothing will come easily. Fast food is also not going to disappear. One example of this is a new trend that has emerged in Hong Kong, dubbed McWeddings, wherein local McDonalds restaurants provide wedding reception services to young couples. Over the long term, in is also necessary to make school curriculum changes in schools to promote healthy habits. The key largely lies in children, who may be more able to houseclean up and maintain healthy habits than adults. Once you get overweight, its very hard to suddenly turn it around, explains Girandola. Thats why you got to solve it beforehand people have to be proactive rather than reactive. As China rapidly modernizes, it will inevitably encounter the problems that first-world countries face. Unfortunately, the arduous path to relieving Chinas overweight problem and ensuing health issues will not be nearly as smooth as the road that got it there. Sky Patterson is a senior at the University of Southern California majoring in East Asian Languages and C